The Citadel of Qaitbay: is more than just a fortress overlooking the Mediterranean—it’s a living symbol of Alexandria’s resilience and glory. Rising proudly on the exact site where the ancient Lighthouse of Alexandria once stood, this 15th-century stronghold has guarded Egypt’s northern coastline for centuries. For travelers arriving in Alexandria in 2025, visiting the citadel is a journey into the heart of maritime defense, Islamic architecture, and the spirit of a city that has always looked out toward the sea.

This guide explores the history, architecture, and travel tips for discovering the Citadel of Qaitbay. Whether you’re planning your first visit to Alexandria or looking to rediscover its treasures, the citadel remains one of the city’s most unforgettable highlights.

History of the Citadel of Qaitbay

The citadel was constructed in 1477 AD by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qaitbay, one of the most powerful Mamluk rulers of Egypt. His vision was to protect Alexandria from potential naval invasions, especially from the Ottoman Empire and other Mediterranean powers.

What makes the citadel especially remarkable is its location: it stands on the ruins of the legendary Lighthouse of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. After centuries of earthquakes damaged the lighthouse, Qaitbay used its remaining stones to build his fortress, giving travelers a tangible link between two of Alexandria’s most iconic structures.

For centuries, the Citadel of Qaitbay served as the main line of defense against foreign invasions. Later, it underwent several renovations under Ottoman, French, and Egyptian rule, each leaving their mark on the fortress. Today, it stands as a historical museum and a prime tourist attraction.

Architecture and Design

The citadel showcases a blend of Islamic military architecture with unique coastal influences. Its massive walls, rounded towers, and sturdy gates reflect its defensive purpose, while its interior courtyards and prayer hall reflect cultural and spiritual life.

Outer Walls: Thick stone fortifications designed to withstand cannon fire.

Main Gate: A monumental entrance that reflects Mamluk military power.

Central Keep: A square-shaped structure with three floors, housing soldier quarters, weapons storage, and observation points.

Prayer Hall: A mosque located inside the fortress, showing the spiritual role of the citadel in addition to its military purpose.

Walking through the citadel in 2025, visitors will notice the harmony between strength and beauty—its architecture was not only practical but also artistic.

Cultural Significance

The Citadel of Qaitbay symbolizes Alexandria’s enduring connection with the Mediterranean world. It reminds travelers of the city’s golden age as a cultural and economic hub, where East met West.

For Egyptians, the fortress stands as a proud monument of resilience, a reminder of the country’s ability to protect its coasts and heritage. For international travelers, it offers an authentic look at Alexandria’s layered history, where the echoes of the ancient lighthouse meet the Mamluk legacy.

Things to Do at the Citadel of Qaitbay

Visiting the citadel is not just about admiring walls—it’s about immersing yourself in history and scenery. Here are the top things to do:

Explore the Courtyards – Walk through the open spaces where soldiers once gathered.

Climb the Towers – Enjoy panoramic views of Alexandria’s Corniche and the Mediterranean Sea.

Visit the Mosque – Discover the spiritual side of the fortress.

Photography – Capture stunning seascapes, especially during sunset.

Learn the History – Read the plaques and displays detailing the story of Sultan Qaitbay and the citadel’s defenses.

Travel Tips for 2025 Visitors

To make the most of your visit to the Citadel of Qaitbay, consider these practical tips:

Opening Hours: Typically open daily from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM, but check for updated schedules in 2025.

Best Time to Visit: Morning or late afternoon to avoid the midday heat and enjoy beautiful lighting for photography.

Ticket Price: Entry is affordable, making it accessible for families and groups.

Dress Comfortably: Wear light clothes and comfortable shoes for walking.

Combine with Nearby Attractions: Plan to visit the Alexandria Library, Corniche, and Montaza Palace in the same day.

Local Guides: Hiring a guide can greatly enhance your understanding of the site’s history.

Nearby Attractions

When you visit the Citadel of Qaitbay, you are in one of the most picturesque areas of Alexandria. Don’t miss:

Alexandria Corniche: A beautiful seaside promenade perfect for walking and dining.

Bibliotheca Alexandrina: A modern wonder that continues the legacy of the ancient Library of Alexandria.

Montaza Palace: A royal palace surrounded by lush gardens, located east of the city center.

Stanley Bridge: A modern landmark that offers great sea views and photo opportunities.

Why Visit the Citadel of Qaitbay in 2025?

Traveling in 2025 offers unique opportunities to experience Alexandria with modern conveniences while still connecting deeply with its history. The citadel remains a must-visit because:

It combines ancient and medieval history in one location.

The sea views are among the best in the city.

It is a family-friendly destination with plenty of open space.

Restoration efforts ensure the site is well-preserved for future generations.

Whether you’re a solo traveler, a couple, or a family, the Citadel of Qaitbay is a highlight of any Egyptian journey

Practical Itinerary Suggestion

For travelers who want to spend a day in Alexandria, here’s a suggested itinerary:

Morning: Visit the Citadel of Qaitbay and spend at least 2 hours exploring.

Late Morning: Walk along the Corniche and enjoy coffee at a seaside café.

Afternoon: Head to the Bibliotheca Alexandrina and enjoy lunch nearby.

Evening: Relax at Montaza Palace Gardens or watch the sunset from Stanley Bridge.

This itinerary blends history, relaxation, and local culture—perfect for 2025 travelers.

Final Thoughts

The Citadel of Qaitbay is not just an ancient fortress—it is a gateway into Alexandria’s past and a perfect spot to enjoy the city’s coastal beauty. For travelers looking for history, culture, and spectacular views in 2025, the citadel offers all three in abundance.

Exploring its towers and walls, you can almost hear the echoes of sailors, soldiers, and scholars who passed through Alexandria’s harbor centuries ago. It is one of Egypt’s most treasured landmarks, a must-see for anyone wanting to experience the timeless charm of the Mediterranean city.